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Principles of Management
Division of Work:
The total work should be divided, this is known as Departmentation. All the activities are planned. The idea of total work should be entrusted. Effective organisation must be promote as specialization.
Authority and Responsibility:
Authority is the official right of the manager. It comes to him by a virtue of its official position. Responsibility is the duty or the part of a subordinate to account for the work done by him.
Discipline:
Fayol calls upon employees to adhere to the agreement reached with the employer in the matter of discipline by being obedient, by applying themselves fully in the task undertaken, by being energetic and so on.
Unity of Command:
According to this principle, an employee should receive orders from one superior only and is accountable to him alone. If there are two superiors for an employee, he will not know whom he should report to and whose orders he should carry out first.
Unity of Direction:
This principle says that each group of activities having the same objective should have one head and one plan. Unity of direction means the effort of all the members of a department must be directed towards the attainment of that departmental target.
Subordination of Individual Interest to Common Interest:
The interest of the institution is often ignored in favor of individual interests due to such factors as selfishness, ambition, laziness, etc. When there is such a conflict the interest of the organization should be made to prevail over the individual interest.
Remuneration of Personnel:
Fayol holds the view that the remuneration payable to the employees should be fair and should give maximum satisfaction of both employers and employees.
Centralization:
Concentration of authority at a particular place is centralization and dispersal of authority in different places of the organisation is what is known as decentralization.
Scalar Chain:
It is the chain of superiors ranging from the highest level to the lowest level in the organization. Every communication should follow the prescribed line of authority.
Order:
Fayol talks bout two types of order, namely, 'material order' and 'social order'. By material order he means 'a place for everything and everything in its place'. He explains social order by saying 'a place everyone and everyone in his place'.
Equity:
The principle of equity ensure fairness, kindness and justice in the treatment of employees by their managers. The managers shall impartial in their dealings with their subordinates.
Stability of Tenure Personnel:
According to this principle, stability of tenure is necessary for all. It means that an employee shall not be shifted unnecessarily from one job to another.
Initiative:
The freedom to think and act is what is initiative according to Fayol. An employee who has the freedom to think and act in a organisation will show greater interest in his work and this will lead to a higher level of job satisfaction.
Esprit de corps:
The work done in an organisation is teamwork. Team spirit and co-operation among the members of an organisation are essential for its success. Informal relationship among the employees should be encouraged.
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